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The celt is essentially an axe or wood-working tool with a hatchet-like cutting edge. The celt does not have a groove or other modifications for mounting, but was inserted into a socketed wooden handle. Some specimens still mounted on their original wooden handles have actually been preserved, and monolithic axes show mounted celts. Celts are made of various kinds of stone, usually of an igneous or metamorphic rock although softer stones such as limestone, sandstone, or others were sometimes used. The stone was worked by a pecking process to roughly shape the artifact which was finally completed by hand-grinding and smoothing of the surface with a suitable abrasive stone. There is considerable variation in the amount of work represented by different specimens. Some have been carefully shaped and polished all over the entire surface while others are sometimes poorly crafted with only the wedge-shaped cutting edge receiving much attention. The celt is represented in all time periods except the Paleo-lndian. It appears to become less frequent in later periods associated with agriculture. By Caddoan times (Spiro phase) the celt appears to have functioned less and less as an axe and more as a fighting weapon or symbol of authority and power.

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15y ago

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