What was true about the colleges and universities founded for African Americans?

Answer 1

They offered literacy courses to former slaves.

Answer 2

They did not allow women

Answer 3

They did not allow women

Answer 4

The first university for Negoes, the term used at the time for Blacks, was founded and opened on January 1, 1857 in Chester County, PA through an Act of the Pennsylvania Legislature. The impetus for this before-unknown benefit for Negroes came from Jehudi Ashmun (April 21, 1794 to August 25, 1828). He was a religious leader and social reformer. The Ashmun Institute, named after him, was the first college founded solely for African-American students, is officially chartered. As with all universities and colleges at the time (mid 1850s), The Ashmun Institute admitted only Males. (Female Seminaries started shortly after 1850s for White teens and young women.) As well, in accord with other White-only colleges and universities, The Ashmun Institute focused on theological, classical, and scientific training but specifically to African American students. Latin was also taught, since Latin is the basis for the ideas and words used in theology, classical instruction, sciences including medicine. From the earliest days of the founding of US colonies under Britain, the four primary educated professions were and continued in the mid 1800s to be: Physician, Lawyer, Preacher, and Teacher (from elementary to college professor). College instruction served to prepare men to choose any of these professions, and focus their studies in that specific area. And as with all of the all-White colleges, it was primarily Teachers and Preachers who sought to establish colleges, with Boards made up from each of the primary professions (Physician, Lawyer, Preacher, and Teacher).

While The Ashmun Institute (later called Lincoln College) was a significant stride for African Americans, even after slaves were freed Blacks often lacked the financial means to attend high school and college. Over 90 years after The Ashmun Institute was founded, the United Negro College Fund was established on April 25, 1944 by Frederick Patterson, President of the Tuskegee Institute, and Mary McLeod Bethune, an advisor to the Franklin Roosevelt Administration to help Black aspiring students to have the means to get a college education. However, this was nearly 20-25 years before the major pushes in the Civil Rights Movement. Like in everyday society, Blacks had been basically segregated and kept "to their own kind" within the Black Colleges. In many ways, inter-collegiate sports between 1900 to 1960s began to help chip away at the ivy walls of college segregation, before the social-economic changes gained through the Civil Rights Movement. Yet, Blacks still faced many obstacles in pursuing higher education even after Martin Luther King, Jr. and other African-American leaders' work to create societal changes. This, it itself, is ironic that more colleges did not turn to addressing the educational needs of Blacks, since it is through personal knowledge and education that people (of any race) can truly be free. Yet, because most colleges began as Private schools, beholden to community benefactors, it is easy to understand that finances greatly controlled whether educational institutions expanded their thinking to address the needs of Blacks and other minorities, and of all women of any race. For example, people from numerous countries came to the US in the 1800s to work in mines and mills--Chinese, Prussians, Italians, Irish, etc-- but they, too, were often excluded from gaining an education, especially if they continued to use the mother tongue of their native countries.

Answer 5

They did not allow women.

They offered literacy courses to former slaves.

Answer 6

They offered literacy courses to former slaves.