They were held in 1858, in 7 different locations throughout Illinois.
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The Lincoln-Douglas Debates of 1858 were a series of seven debates between Abraham Lincoln, the Republican candidate for Senate in Illinois, and incumbent Senator Stephen Douglas, the Democratic Party candidate. Although Lincoln was a candidate for the Senate in Illinois, the debates were not directly related to an election of office. At the time, Illinois' Senators were elected by the Illinois Legislators, so the purpose of the debates was to represent their parties (Lincoln for the Republicans and Douglas for the Democrats) in a bid to win control of the Illinois Legislature. The main issue discussed in all seven debates was slavery.
Every generation has their critical era.
That's what the debates were about - was slavery protected by the Constitution? If so, how could the new states vote to be free soil?
James Madison
In the famous senate race in which Abraham Lincoln made his name, his opponent was Stephen A. Douglas. The debates from this senate race are known as the Lincoln-Douglass debates.