Although regiments of black troops were raised by the U.S. Government during the civil war, they did not earn their nickname until after it.
Originally Buffalo Soldiers were members of the U.S. 10th Cavalry Regiment of the U.S. Army, formed on September 21, 1866 at Fort Leavenworth, Kansas.
The nickname was given to the Black Cavalry by the Native tribes they fought; the term eventually became synonymous with all of the African-American regiments formed in 1866.
A number of theories surround the name. Some sources claim that the name was given to the soldiers by the tribes they fought because of their fierce fighting ability, another theory states that Native Americans called the black cavalry troops "buffalo soldiers" because of their dark curly hair, which resembled a buffalo's coat. A third theory claims that it is a mixture of the other two theories.
Buffalo Soldiers fought in a number of wars including:
The Apache Wars (part of the so-called Indian Wars, during which they won 19 Medals of Honor)
Spanish-American War (1898), where five more Medals of Honor were earned.
Philipine-American War (1899-1902)
Mexican Expedition (1916-17)
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