The members of the Constitutional Convention are responsible for creating the United States Census. In 1787, the US became the first nation to make a census mandatory. Article I, Section Two of the Constitution mandates that "Representatives and direct taxes shall be apportioned among the several states. . .according to their respective numbers. . ." In order to do that, a census would have to be taken to count the number of people. The first census took place in 1790. You can read more about the history of the census on Wiki or www.census.gov/history
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The US Census taken in 1900 indicated there were 76,094,000 people.
In 2007, the most recent US Census of Agriculture year, there were 2,204,792 farms in the US. For Census purposes, a farm was defined as any place where $1000 or more of agricultural products were grown and sold in the course of the year.
The 1930 US Federal Census can be examined at no cost at the US National Archives and Records Administration in Washington, DC, at the NARA branches around the country, and in part at many libraries and archives around the country.
The 1950 US Census recorded 14,830,192 residents.