The term has been used since the Civil War and appears in the works of WEB Debois written in the early 20th Century. It also appears in some of the writings of Marcus Garvey. However it was not widely used by writers, newspapers, etc until the middle 1960's.
The term first appears in print in the Oxford English Dictionary 1858 as both a noun and an adjective.
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They migrated to factory work in automobile manufacturing
Because some people were too lazy to do their own work and so they make an African American slave do it for them.
yes
white landowners who could make those african americans work for them
Yes, they did. Women and African-Americans took the places of the soldiers who left.