Racist Southern whites, who had just been forced by the Union to free their slaves, enacted the Black Codes to maintain the inferior status of Blacks in the South. (Although some northern states had equally racist laws on the books.) Whites were afraid that newly-freed Blacks would compete for jobs with whites, vote whites out of political offices, and own firearms. In other words, have the same rights as every free person in the rest of the united States. Thus the Black Codes were enacted to render Blacks inferior in employment, ownership of property, voting, and every other social and economic status that freed men could have.
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They were trying to prevent black southern men from being able to vote.
In United States history, scalawags were southern whites who supported Reconstruction ... (called carpetbaggers) to take control of their state and local governments. ... In the South, Black Freedmen and White Southerners with Republican.
There were about 90% of black Americans in the 1910's that lived in the Southern states.
There quite a few central themes in "Of the Passing of the First Born in the Souls of Black Folk". These themes include love, loyalty, and identity.
The region of LARGE southern plantations was called the "Black Belt"