It stems from the Latin word Nigrum which means black.
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Not necessarily. If you are saying that to insult someone, then that is being racist. But if you are deescribing someone, then that doesn't count as being racist. But a better term to avoid confusion would be "African".
The term 'black people' was used originally to describe the African American race. Colored people was used in the 14th century, however was first used instead of "black people", in a NY Times article in 1851.
Both have shown racism towards each other but whites have shown more racism obviously. They have shown racism towards blacks for hundreds of years starting with slavery. Even now there is still occurences of white on black racism. For instance look at how many black celebrities have been severely mistreated by law enforcement over the years. For example Michael Vick he got sentenced to 2 years in prison for dog fighting and I'm not say what he did was right but there are people who have done worse things and he didn't deserve the punishment he received. If that was a white football player such a peyton manning or something it wouldn't have been nearly as blown out of proportion as it was. That is just one example there are plenty!!! others. Now some whites have grown angy that we have a black man running the country and if he makes one mistake they criticize him for it when white presidents such a George Bush have been messing up this country for years. So ya it think there is more racism towards blacks than whites. I'm not racists against white people I'm just stating the facts. However, some blacks use racism as an excuse e.g. e black person gets punished and blame it on racism. These people are wrong and some might say that they are the ones who are racist. Let's look at the first incident of slavery in history. Black Egyptians enslaving white and black Jews (predominantly white). It turns out the Jews were first into slavery not the African-Americans. Though it is a matter of pride for Jews and African-Americans that they are former slaves. Yes the first slavers were black Egyptians. Most African-Americans only think about their term of slavery and think whites have always been the slavers. Yet the Bible's Old Testament and the predominantly white Jewish race were definitely the first ones in slavery. Yes there were some black slaves in the Egyptian slaves. But most were white.
first of all that word is extremely offensive for some people. the proper term is African Americans or even saying "black" is better than that.
In terms of people, white or black is a subjective term. Who decides the difference of those people in the middle. - Frankly I think that is a very stupid question, because it is that kind of thinking that led to Apartheid. Many people who never thought they were black suddenly became a degree of black under this horrible policy.