Because it governs a federation of states that have governments in their own rite as well.
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It was called a confederation because the states were relativly independent and the confederation could help build a stronger nation.
Articles of Confederation
The United States' first constitution was called the Articles of Confederation. It was also formally called the Articles of Confederation and Perpetual Union.
The Articals Of Confederation
Republican (they were actually democrats, but when political parties were first starting, democrats were called republicans and republicans were called federalists)...sorry if i confused you, but just say republican and you will be fine. ha
The Articles of Confederation (full name: Articles of Confederation and Perpetual Union), drafted in June 1776, allowed the States to retain the sovereignty in most areas. The federal government operated under the Articles of Confederation from 1777 until 1789, when it was replaced by the more comprehensive US Constitution.