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In 1901, in the Insular Cases, the U.S. Supreme Court ruled that the Constitution did not automatically apply to people in acquired territories. Congress, however, retained the right to extend U.S. citizenship, and it granted that right to Puerto Ricans in 1917. It also gave them the right to elect both houses of their legislature.
Ethiopia was the only African country to successfully resist colonizing Europeans. Liberia also maintained independence, but since the country was founded by African-Americans in the early 1800s, Europeans considered it a "civilized" country and never threatened its independence militarily.
Puerto Rico
September 23, 1868Event: Grito de Lares proclaims Puerto Rico's independenceThe historic event that happened on Sept. 23 in Puerto Rico is El Grito de Lares. (independence)
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