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It was called the Cold War because there wasn't any actual fighting, but the US and Siberia/Russia were keeping an eye on each other in case one decided to start fighting.
Peter the Great contributed most, including reving arts, building up the Navy, and moving the capitol from Moscow to St.Petersburg. Catherine the Great was also a leader that seeked to advance Russia, but wasn't taken too seriously, being a woman. A series of weak tsars afterwards resulted in Russia actually going backwards to feudalism.
St Petersburg was founded because it acted as a monument to the might of Imperial Russia.
Russia was simply Russia in 1880.
Russia's society is the people who live in Russia.