No anwer. There is no answer that I know.
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i think that nobody noses that answer
Bartolome Las Casa wrote a letter to the King of Spain telling him that the Spanish were treating the Indians cruely. They tortured, burned, and cut off hands and noses of Indians. The pope read this letter shortly after the king and decided to end all encomiendas. The letter was not directed at the African slaves.
The 'Flapper' came about in the 1920's because women were just wanting to be a little daring. They had finally won the right to vote and they were 'thumbing' their noses at society in general. It was a way to show independence.
My opinion is that the Russians do bear much of the responsibility for making a small Balkan War into a World War. Serbia was a small, independent country, adjoining the Austro-Hungarian Empire. Serbian nationalists, backed and encouraged by the intelligence service of Serbia, murdered the heir to the throne of Austria-Hungary, and his wife. Quite naturally, this infuriated the Austro-Hungarians, and they were determined to have revenge on Serbia. Russia had no treaty with Serbia, and was not obliged to take Serbia's part in this sordid business, particularly since Serbia seemed to be very much in the wrong. Nevertheless, the Russians thought of themselves as the "mother of the Slavs", and so the Russians DID meddle, and insert themselves into it. The Russians DID have a treaty of alliance with France, so this dragged France into it. Austria-Hungary did have a treaty of alliance with Germany, so Germany was dragged in. Germany had had a plan for many years, since France and Russia became allies, which meant for Germany that war with either one meant war with both, and that plan was to defeat France quickly in the event of going to war with either Russia or France, and to do that the Germans were going to invade Belgium, to get at France over undefended borders. The German invasion of Belgium brought Britain into it, as Britain (and Germany too, for that matter) was pledged by treaty to guarantee Belgium's neutrality. So, if the Russians had managed to keep their noses out of it, the whole thing would have remained a dispute between Serbia and Austria-Hungary, and be little remembered today. It was the Russian decision to meddle that triggered all the alliances and brought astonished and dismayed people who had nothing to do with the initial murder to war and ruin. It certainly did not turn out to be a wise decision for the Romanoff Dynasty of Russia.
Most scholars now think that WW II was caused by the outcome of WW I and basically a continuation of WW I. The treaty of Versailles at the end of WW I was felt by the Germans as deeply humiliating and saddled them with crippling 'repair' payments that kept them - and would have kept them - in poverty for a great number of years. Hitler could become vastly popular by first offering an easy focus for German resentment (Versailles and the supposedly 'international Jewry" behind it) and later by pulling the Allies' noses by easily retaking Allied-occupied German territory, by realizing the "Anschluss" with Austria that the Allies had forbidden in 1919, and by conquering parts of neighboring countries without the Allies doing anything to protect them despite the treaties they had with those countries. Hitler's mistake was that he thought he could go on doing that without the Allies doing anything in return. So he invaded Poland, but then found that the Allies finally had enough and declared war, starting WW II.