Competition among European countries.
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Famine and starvation plagued Africa. They didn't get along at the same time. Therefore, there was looting and social unrest.
It caused them to become more patriotic to their home land
The European nations divided Africa into colonies based on artificial regions, ignoring the ethnic and tribal divisions that had existed. This caused conflicts between native populations, as well as with their colonial governments.
By conquests from several European nations. The European nations had many firearms, and Africa and India did not have that many at all compared to the Europeans. This caused conquests and how India and Africa became part of the British Empire
The white plantation owners wanted to save money by not paying their workers so they decided to buy slaves. In the 1600's and 1700's there were lots of slaves for sale in Africa so the white people bought slaves from other Africans.