Liberalism and Nationalism
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Belgium
The European socialist revolutions failed in the face of strong military opponents that were able to oust the political leaders of the various "peoples" revolutions in 1848. Also, the leaders of these revolutions were not highly skilled leaders at all. They had high minded ideals, however, were not able to create an atmosphere to create and keep them.
Depends what you call a Revolution. If it's a change of Constitution, there have been 23. If you mean a violent overthrow of the existing régime, then there were revolutions in 1789, 1792, 1795, 1799, 1805 (though the change from Consulate to Empire was bloodless), 1814, 1815, 1830, 1848 and 1870. I make that 9 or 10.
In the aftermath of the failed revolutions of 1848-49 a number of liberals fled to the U.S., especially from Central Europe. However, at that time migration was already in full swing anyway. So, there is room for debate as to how many 'extra' migrants went to America for political reasons at the time. (Large scale migration from the German-speaking lands grew sharply from about 1830 onwards, and is often cited as one of the reasons for the establishment of the Hamburg-America Line (HAPAG) in 1847. This predates the failed revolutions).
10