Europe has never had one government. Europe is a conintent made up of many countries, each with their own governments of varying types.
In the 1400s the modern concept of the nation state had not yet developed.
The 1400s were the feudal period in Europe. Most governments were feudal monarchies. This was a multi-layered system of government by hereditary rulers. A king did not have absolute rule, but the had 'allegiance' of lower level nobles who paid him 'dues' (taxes) and provided soldiers if needed. These feudal layers overlapped and changed, so an area could change from being a feudal subject of in one country, to being independent, to being part of Another Country without changing its local feudal lord.
There were also a number of republics. These were mostly in what is now Italy (examples: Florence, Venice). In most cases the vote was hereditary and only a minority of the population had a vote.
In the east some of the kingdoms were still of a tribal nature, feudalism not having developed yet.
Trade between Europe and Africa before the 1400s was indirect. Between the 1400s and the 1700s, it was direct.
In 1441, slaves trade from Africa to Europe started.
Peasants provided European leaders with enough labor.
Before the 1400s, trade between Europe and Africa was primarily focused on goods like gold, ivory, and slaves, with established routes across the Mediterranean and the Sahara. This trade was largely conducted by intermediaries and was limited in scale. However, between the 1400s and the 1800s, the rise of European maritime exploration led to direct trade routes, the expansion of the transatlantic slave trade, and an increase in the importation of African goods like sugar, tobacco, and later, raw materials. This shift transformed the economic relationships and dynamics between the two continents, leading to more extensive and exploitative interactions.
Johann Gutenberg's invention of the printing press in the mid-15th century revolutionized Europe by drastically increasing the production of books, making literature and knowledge more accessible to the general public. This democratization of information facilitated the spread of Renaissance ideas, challenged the authority of the Catholic Church, and played a crucial role in the Protestant Reformation. As a result, literacy rates rose, and a more informed society emerged, leading to significant cultural and social transformations across Europe in the late 1400s and 1500s.
Trade between Europe and Africa before the 1400s was indirect. Between the 1400s and the 1700s, it was direct.
Trade between Europe and Africa before the 1400s was indirect. Between the 1400s and the 1700s, it was direct.
Trade between Europe and Africa before the 1400s was indirect. Between the 1400s and the 1700s, it was direct.
By the late 1400s, four major nations were taking shape in Western Europe: Spain, Portugal, France and England
By the late 1400s, four major nations were taking shape in Western Europe: Spain, Portugal, France and England
renaissance
Magic mermaids
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Islam
the printing press
Nowhere. It originated in Europe in the mid-1400s.
i dont know sorry