What were some advantages and some dangers of a policy of massive retaliation?

Answer 1

One advantage was that the Soviet Union would think tiwce about attacking because they wouldn't be sure where the U.S. would strike. Another advantage is that the U.S. could stay out of small, limited wars that costs huge amounts of money.

One danger though was that it gave the U.S. only two extreme ways of responding to a Communist attack: either fight a nuclear battle or do nothing.The U.S. had to gamble on threats and Soviet insecurity to keep the peace. Another danger was that the Soviets did not sit idly by and let the U.S. sprint ahead in the arms race. Heavy spending by the U.S. for nuclear weapons spurred the Soviets to step up their own research.