They were easy and cheap to make. Pupils could be taught to read and write with these tablets, which were also very useful when officials needed to record somethings (for instance, the exact quantity of wheat traded with another city or the pay received by a farmer).
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The writing system used in ancient Mesopotamia is called cuneiform. The name means "wedge shaped." Records that were written in cuneiform were written on wet clay tablets, which were then allowed to dry.
Cuneiform, the first written language was developed by the Sumerians more than five thousand years ago. The letters were formed by pressing shapes into wet clay with a special pen. So any surviving tablets would be the oldest documents.
History does not record the name of the inventor of the clay tablet.
There are many inscriptions on stone tablets, clay tablets and gold coins that tell us about the Gupta Age and what happened in those days. There is a pillar in Allahabad that also has inscriptions on information about those days. Coins and literary works also throw light upon the reign of Samudragupta and other rulers of that time. Many foreigners who visited the country at that time had written accounts when they visited the court of the rulers. For e.g., Fa Hien had visited India to study and become a buddhist. He had written an account on his trip to India.
Mostly marble and bronze, and sometimes clay.