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because the seven provinces at the time would not have been protected from the U.S. After the civil war the provinces believed that if the U.S. sent the armies north ,so if the provinces joined theywould have a better army to fight with.
At confederation there were four provinces. As time progressed more provinces and territorities became parts of Canada, some territorities became provinces and part of Canada was annexed by the United States. For more details you might consider reading the wikipedia article about Canada.
There are a number of things that the fathers of confederation did. They brought provinces together and worked out various democratic ways of governing these territories in various conferences.
On the day of Confederation (July 1, 1867) two provinces were created. Pursuant to section 6 of the British North America Act (now the Constitution Act) the pre-Confederation Province of Canada was severed into the Province of Ontario and the Province of Québec. The Province of Manitoba was created on July 15, 1870. The Provinces of Alberta and Saskatchewan were created on September 1, 1905. All other provinces joined as colonies.
When Canada came into being on July 1, 1867, it consisted of four provinces: Nova Scotia, New Brunswick, Quebec, and Ontario. All four provinces became part of Canada at the same moment in time, and none has a higher priority in joining than any of the others.