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His goal was to find a route to the rich spice trade of the indies and to explore the west coast of Africa.
They discovered the Southern Route to the Indian Ocean, via Cape Hope, established trading enclaves at Indian Ocean Ports like Macau, and enforced their trade monopoly with Cannon, Ships, and Fortifications. They were tough, able, Mariners and Traders and they broke the Spice Monopoly belonging to the Arab Traders before them.
The spice trade. Research the Dutch East India Company and you will find a wealth of information as to why the Dutch were able to dominate the spice trade.
The triangular trade route
Portugal was searching for a route to Asia to increase trade and find gold.