Every person walking across the Bering Land Bridge and down the coast discovered what is today Canada, as did the many Inuit and those traveling along the northern coast.
Lief the Lucky landed in what is today Baffin Island and created a permanent settlement in Newfoundland, well permanent for a decade or so.
Using information from Icelandic Saga's and that of Christopher Columbus, John Cabot showed up on our Eastern Shores 500 years later, the first of many more to discover us and land on our east coast.
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Canada was first discovered in prehistoric times by the ancestors of the First Nations.
Current theory is that humans crossed over from Asia to North America on foot, via what has been called a "land bridge." This "land bridge" occurred during the last Ice Age, when sea levels dropped several hundred feet, thereby exposing the sea bed of the Bering Strait, between Alaska and Russia.
While it is quite possible that prehistoric people also crossed the Bering Strait in some form of boat, there is no hard evidence available to support that theory.
While Jacques Cartier explored the Gulf of St Lawrence in 1534, it can hardly be said that he "discovered" Canada. The earliest recorded European "discovery" of Canada was by John Cabot in 1497.
Canada, as we know it today, did not exist as a political entity when Jacques Cartier explored the Gulf of St Lawrence in 1534.
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It was lived on by Aboriginals, but the Europeans discovered it with the Aboriginals living on it. Christopher Columbus discovered it and thought it was India at first and called the Aboriginals 'Indians'.
If you look at what history teaches it was the Spanish. Though they have found evidence that the vikings were in Canada before the Spanish.
If you count the first settler, then it will be the ancestor of aboriginal Canadians (Paleo-Indians / Paleoamericans) probably as early as 20`000 year ago. If that doesn't count, then the Inuits are believed to have arrived around year 1000 from Alaska. Then you have the French starting at 1534 and the British starting at 1583.