It is not proven, but the Emperor Nero wanted to build his new palace on the site of two old Roman temples, and to destroy them would have made him even more unpopular than he already was. It is therefore speculated that his agents set the fire, and the Christians who were an unpopular new cult in Rome made a convenient scapegoat for the arson.
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The fire basically destroyed two-thirds of the city of Rome.
Blame for the Great Fire of Rome has been attached to two sides. The Emperor Nero was blamed for his lack of action, and there were even suggestions that he may have started it himself in order to bypass the senate and rebuild Rome to his liking. Evidence to support this theory includes the fact that the Domus Aurea, Nero's majestic series of villas and pavilions set upon a landscaped park and a man-made lake, was built in the wake of the fire. To direct attention away from himself, Nero used the Christians as scapegoats. Thus began the earliest persecutions of Christians in Rome, action which included feeding them to the lions.
The roman candles were called roman candles because they were made in rome...and that's where they were first made.
Who started the fire is not entirely certain. The blame was placed on a Marinus van der Lubbe (although it is likely taht he was either forced to by the Nazi Party or was framed by them).
The Law or the Twelve Tables was Rome's first published set of laws. The were compiled in 521 and 250 BC. They were inscribed on bronze tablets, written in a simple language, and displayed on a board at the Forum Romanum.