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Because they feared that the revolution would carry over to their countries.
Their response was war. The other European countries were afraid that revolution may spread to their people and remove them from their throne and their power. So they did the only logical thing the could come up with. Mainly Austria and Prussia, but others too, began to march on France to place King Louis XVI back on the throne and support the idea of absolutism. Also the Queen of France was an Austrian so they also may have been trying to look out for one of their own.
The need for new trade routes to the east, the desire to spread Christianity, and competition between European countries
Yes
Mostly Italy but it affected the whole of Europe