used to replace an official who has died in office.
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special
a mandate
The state's constitution must either dictate a special election or the governor can appoint someone.
A special election can be held or the governor can appoint someone to the office. They serve what is left of the term.
The compromise of 1877 settled this presidential election dispute. The compromise agreed to Rutherford Hayes' election as the next President of the United States if he agreed to end Reconstruction in the South. After the 1876 election, there were disputes regarding the credentials of the electors in four states. A special committee was appointed to settle the question. Following party lines, the committee choose the electors favorable to Hayes and he won by one vote. The compromise was worked out to appease the supporters of Tilden, the other candidate.