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Caucuses. The delegates all attend the national party convention at the end of summer/beginning of fall and formally cast their votes for the candidates they already pledged their vote to. Candidates often drop out as the primaries go on if they feel they are not going to win. The delegates awarded to them then have to vote for someone else at the convention.
The last two states to ratify the Constitution were North Carolina (November 21, 1789) and Rhode Island (May 29, 1790).They were in effect considering both the Constitution andthe Bill of Rights, which had been proposed under the new Congress in September, 1789.
There will be a brokered national convention. After the delegates vote as pledged, and no one gets the majority of delegates, then the delegates vote again, this time not necessarily as they pledged to, that is, not necessarily as the voters from their states wanted them to. They vote again and again until a decision is reached.
The full results should be accurately calculated by the end of March. Don't worry, we'll know the recipient of the Texas delegates by convention time.
The Philadelphia Convention was, in fact held behind closed doors. Minutes of the meetings were secreted at Mt. Vernon, and not all delegates arrived at the convention with the understanding that the convention was being held not to alter the Articles of Confederation, but to replace them with a new Constitution. This secrecy was probably neccessary. To open the convention to public debate would have assured that it would have been mired in constant debate with little hope for a workable agreement. The delegates wisely, I think, chose to hammer out a completed document that could be presented to the states in a complete or near complete form. This both minimized the debate, and provided for those skillful at propaganda ample time to formulate arguements for and against the document. (Federalist Papers) In the end, the public did have a say, in so far as each state had to ratify the document.