Only members of Congress con actively introduce bills.
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When a bill is introduced, it is referred to a committee so it can be examined in detail and discussed. The committee can then choose to recommend passage of the bill or they can discourage members from voting for the bill.
A member of the House of Representatives may introduce a bill at any time the House is in session. However, the bill has to come out of committee and be brought to the floor of the House for discussion and vote.
An action that Congress can take when the president vetoes a bill is that if it is vetoed it goes back from where the bill was once started and based on a 2/3 majority vote it will be passed if not it is discard and the subject wont come up till a few years later when it is introduced again.
It goes back to both house of Congress to be amended and compromise language to be voted on before sending it back to the President for his signature. There are times, because of the calendar, that the bill will languish for months if not for years! It really depends on how popular the bill is. Both houses have to agree to the bill which they do when they come together for a conference to work out the differences and then if possible, send to the President. It can be a very laborious process.
There is no standing conference committee. Before a bll passed by both chanbers can go to the President for signature, the two bills must match. When the differences in the bills need to be compromised and negotiated to match, a conference committee with members of both the House and Senate is formed to work out the differences and come to agreement.