The US Supreme Court doesn't hold trials in the usual sense; it is a final appeal, really. Contested decisions are brought up from lower courts, and if the supreme court chooses, it takes on the cases to review and to make the final decision on the case.
The only cases the Supreme Court currently considers under original (trial) jurisdiction are disputes between the states, but these don't follow a standard trial format.
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No. The US Supreme Court currently considers only disputes between the states under its original (trial) jurisdiction; however, these cases are first heard by a "Special Master," (typically an attorney selected by the justices) rather than the Court. The Special Master submits a recommendation, which the Court may affirm, overturn, or affirm in part and overturn in part. They may elect to hear arguments from the states before making a final decision. This process allows the Supreme Court to act as an appellate court for the benefit of the states.
No. The US Supreme Court only exercises appellate jurisdiction over criminal cases originating in the state and federal court systems; they do not hold trials. The federal court of original jurisdiction (trial court) for a murder case would be the US District Court overseeing the territory in which the crime occurred.
The US Supreme Court is the highest court in the US. Each state has its own Supreme Court, but the US Supreme Court is the end of the line.
The correct name is the Supreme Court of the United States, but most people refer to it as the US Supreme Court. Each state has its own Supreme Court, but the US Supreme Court is the end of the line.
US Supreme Court decisions are called "Opinions."
The US Supreme Court is the highest appellate court in the United States.