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1619 in Jamestown.
http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/aia/part1/1p263.html
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"The Virginia Census of 1619," found in the Magazine of Virginia Genealogy, Vol. 33, Summer 1995, No. 3. by William Thorndale
The census was released March 1619; it covered the count for the previous year of "1618".
Total population of Jamestown was 928 persons. Out of that number was the following:
17 African Females (Non-Christian)
15 African Males (Non-Christian)
4 Indians
We know from Nicolas Ferrar's papers (Founder of the Virginia Company) that the above folks arrived on a dutch frigate.
The 20 or so Angolans who arrived in August 1619 arrived onoard a portuguese slave ship called the San Bautista. It was intercepted & sunk by the British ships, the "Treasuror" and the "White Lion" after all of the people were removed.
On return to Europe, these British ships sailed into Jamestown harbor where John Rolfe provided food in exchange for 20 or so, laborers. Permanent enslavement was illegal under British law so these angolans and possibly the earlier blacks served 3-7 year terms under contract aka "indentured servitude".
They were eventually freed, given property, and other rights & benefits of free men. Those rights would become quite limited as time went on.
In Virginia, permanent enslaved status was given to those africans who arrived to the colonies AFTER 1720. It didn't affect those freedmen were were here prior to that. Most, if not all of the descendents of these free people served during the Revolutionary war..4 of my direct ancestors willingly served.
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Sometimes families have maintained certain cultural attributes that have been passed down through the generations. So if the family arrived from England, but have been in America for centuries they could have a bit of both cultures. I was born in California, but by the time I was 21 I was living in Germany and because I was fairly young I picked up many mannerisms that are European more than American. Yet, i am very much American, but when I travel in Europe I am seen as either English or German and not American. So, your question is not a cut and dried as one or the other.
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Because they were different and they were ment to be slaves. it was also beacause they needed to watch over the homes, farms, cattle, and gardens.
The Founding Fathers failed to eliminate slavery because?
They didn't fail; it wasn't a problem at the time. Slavery had been such a common practice around the world for so long. Egyptians enslaved Jews centuries ago. Europeans enslaved Native Americans when they first arrived, and when Africans were enslaved in the states, even the African rulers supported this trading.
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The British arrived in Fort Hill on March 1775(12,000 British troops)
