ratification by the states -apex
William Few missed large segments of the Constitutional Convention proceedings, being absent during all of July and part of August because of congressional service, and he never made a speech. Nonetheless, he contributed nationalist votes at critical times. Furthermore, as a delegate to the last sessions of the Continental Congress, he helped steer the Constitution past its first obstacle, approval by Congress. And he attended the state ratifying convention.
The constitution was approved by the convention on September 15th 1787 by the constitutional convention in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.It was actually written at the constitutional convention. The meeting was designed to amend the previous "constitution" know as the Articles of Confederation. As the new Constitution was a new set of laws, it had to have the approval of 9 out of the 13 states to be legal and attributed to said states, as stated in the Articles of Confederation. However, after the first 9 states approved it, they wanted to go for the others so that there wasn't a split in the country, specifically in NY which would have caused both a geographical split as well as a political on. To help convince NY to approve, a set of essay's known as The Federalist Papers were sent to the representatives to New York, written by John Jay, Madison and (I think) Jefferson.
Yes and No. A Constitutional Convention, as defined by Article V of the U.S. Constitution, involves the legislatures of two thirds of the states calling for the Convention, as representatives of the people. The Convention maintains a republican-federalist quality, not direct democracy involving the sovereign.However, one of the grievous defects of the constitution is the functional impossibility of amending the Constitution with regard to anything truly significant. Interestingly, Sanford Levinson argues that "the strictures (and structures) of Article V are limits on the agents of the people rather than on the general citizenry itself (or ourselves)." We should assert the sovereignty announced in the Preamble to "ordain and establish" a constitution -- which would be a "Yes" to your question.Note the precedence from the framers ignoring Rhode Island and Article XIII, and establishing that a new convention could legitimately "declare that its handiwork would be binding if ratified in a national referendum where each voter had equal power."Good Constitutional critiques include, Sanford Levinson's Our Undemocratic Constitution: Where the Constitution Goes Wrong (And How We the People Can Correct It) (2008) and Robert Dahl's How Democratic is the American Constitution (2003).Go Vermont! Freedom & Unity!
The proposal for an amendment to the Constitution is initiated by either a two-thirds vote from both houses of Congress or from two-thirds (34) of state legislatures' call for a national convention. Ratifying (approving) amendments can only occur when either three-fourths of state legislatures approve, or through three-fourths approval at a state convention.
The states for ratification
The states for ratification.
ratification by the states -apex
A constitutional convention is now a gathering for the purpose of writing a new constitution or revising an existing constitution. A general constitutional convention is called to create the first constitution of a political unit or to entirely replace an existing constitution. An unlimited constitutional convention is called to revise an existing constitution to the extent that it deems to be proper, whereas a limited constitutional convention is restricted to revising only the areas of the current constitution named in the convention's call, the legal mandate establishing the convention. Examples of constitutional conventions include:United States: Annapolis Convention (1786), which proposed what became the Philadelphia Convention (1787) -- Drafted the United States Constitution for ratification by the states. Article V of the constitution sets forth a mechanism whereby future constitutional conventions can be held. The constitution has been amended several times since the Philadelphia Convention, but never (as of 2011) by this method.France: The National Convention of 1792 (commonly referred to as The Convention) convened during The French Revolution on September 20 with the purpose of writing a Republican Constitution following the suspension of the French Monarchy. The monarchy was officially abolished on September 21 by The Convention.Missouri Constitutional Convention (1861-63), established Missouri's provisional government during the American Civil WarCanada: (1864), Quebec Conference, 1864, and London Conference of 1866.Australian constitutional conventions -- 1891, 1897, 1973 and 1998.Germany: ParlamentRat (Parliamentary Council) (1948) -- Drafted the Basic Law of the Federal Republic for ratification by the londonNorthern Ireland Constitutional Convention (1975--1976) -- a failed attempt to find a solution to the status of Northern Ireland.Scottish Constitutional Convention (1989) -- produced a plan for Scottish devolution.European Convention (2001) -- Drafted the Constitution for Europe for approval by the European Council and ratification by the member states.Philippine Constitutional Convention 1935 -- to draft a constitution to create the autonomous Commonwealth of the Philippines under the U.S. Act. The constitution was also used in the 3rd Republic (1946) until the passage of the 1973 constitution. Members were elected through the Philippine Constitutional Convention election, 19341971 -- to draft a revised constitution to replace the old U.S. customed 1935 Philippine constitution. Members were elected through the Philippine Constitutional Convention election, 1970. The system of government changed from Presidentitial to Parliamentary to Presidentital-Parliamentary (in 1984 amendment). The constitution lasted until the downfall of Ferdinand Marcos in 1986 and Corazon Aquino appointed members to draft the 1987 Constitution through a Constitutional Commission.
A constitutional convention is now a gathering for the purpose of writing a new constitution or revising an existing constitution. A general constitutional convention is called to create the first constitution of a political unit or to entirely replace an existing constitution. An unlimited constitutional convention is called to revise an existing constitution to the extent that it deems to be proper, whereas a limited constitutional convention is restricted to revising only the areas of the current constitution named in the convention's call, the legal mandate establishing the convention. Examples of constitutional conventions include:United States: Annapolis Convention (1786), which proposed what became the Philadelphia Convention (1787) -- Drafted the United States Constitution for ratification by the states. Article V of the constitution sets forth a mechanism whereby future constitutional conventions can be held. The constitution has been amended several times since the Philadelphia Convention, but never (as of 2011) by this method.France: The National Convention of 1792 (commonly referred to as The Convention) convened during The French Revolution on September 20 with the purpose of writing a Republican Constitution following the suspension of the French Monarchy. The monarchy was officially abolished on September 21 by The Convention.Missouri Constitutional Convention (1861-63), established Missouri's provisional government during the American Civil WarCanada: (1864), Quebec Conference, 1864, and London Conference of 1866.Australian constitutional conventions -- 1891, 1897, 1973 and 1998.Germany: ParlamentRat (Parliamentary Council) (1948) -- Drafted the Basic Law of the Federal Republic for ratification by the londonNorthern Ireland Constitutional Convention (1975--1976) -- a failed attempt to find a solution to the status of Northern Ireland.Scottish Constitutional Convention (1989) -- produced a plan for Scottish devolution.European Convention (2001) -- Drafted the Constitution for Europe for approval by the European Council and ratification by the member states.Philippine Constitutional Convention 1935 -- to draft a constitution to create the autonomous Commonwealth of the Philippines under the U.S. Act. The constitution was also used in the 3rd Republic (1946) until the passage of the 1973 constitution. Members were elected through the Philippine Constitutional Convention election, 19341971 -- to draft a revised constitution to replace the old U.S. customed 1935 Philippine constitution. Members were elected through the Philippine Constitutional Convention election, 1970. The system of government changed from Presidentitial to Parliamentary to Presidentital-Parliamentary (in 1984 amendment). The constitution lasted until the downfall of Ferdinand Marcos in 1986 and Corazon Aquino appointed members to draft the 1987 Constitution through a Constitutional Commission.
A constitutional convention is now a gathering for the purpose of writing a new constitution or revising an existing constitution. A general constitutional convention is called to create the first constitution of a political unit or to entirely replace an existing constitution. An unlimited constitutional convention is called to revise an existing constitution to the extent that it deems to be proper, whereas a limited constitutional convention is restricted to revising only the areas of the current constitution named in the convention's call, the legal mandate establishing the convention. Examples of constitutional conventions include:United States: Annapolis Convention (1786), which proposed what became the Philadelphia Convention (1787) -- Drafted the United States Constitution for ratification by the states. Article V of the constitution sets forth a mechanism whereby future constitutional conventions can be held. The constitution has been amended several times since the Philadelphia Convention, but never (as of 2011) by this method.France: The National Convention of 1792 (commonly referred to as The Convention) convened during The French Revolution on September 20 with the purpose of writing a Republican Constitution following the suspension of the French Monarchy. The monarchy was officially abolished on September 21 by The Convention.Missouri Constitutional Convention (1861-63), established Missouri's provisional government during the American Civil WarCanada: (1864), Quebec Conference, 1864, and London Conference of 1866.Australian constitutional conventions -- 1891, 1897, 1973 and 1998.Germany: ParlamentRat (Parliamentary Council) (1948) -- Drafted the Basic Law of the Federal Republic for ratification by the londonNorthern Ireland Constitutional Convention (1975--1976) -- a failed attempt to find a solution to the status of Northern Ireland.Scottish Constitutional Convention (1989) -- produced a plan for Scottish devolution.European Convention (2001) -- Drafted the Constitution for Europe for approval by the European Council and ratification by the member states.Philippine Constitutional Convention 1935 -- to draft a constitution to create the autonomous Commonwealth of the Philippines under the U.S. Act. The constitution was also used in the 3rd Republic (1946) until the passage of the 1973 constitution. Members were elected through the Philippine Constitutional Convention election, 19341971 -- to draft a revised constitution to replace the old U.S. customed 1935 Philippine constitution. Members were elected through the Philippine Constitutional Convention election, 1970. The system of government changed from Presidentitial to Parliamentary to Presidentital-Parliamentary (in 1984 amendment). The constitution lasted until the downfall of Ferdinand Marcos in 1986 and Corazon Aquino appointed members to draft the 1987 Constitution through a Constitutional Commission.
A constitutional convention is now a gathering for the purpose of writing a new constitution or revising an existing constitution. A general constitutional convention is called to create the first constitution of a political unit or to entirely replace an existing constitution. An unlimited constitutional convention is called to revise an existing constitution to the extent that it deems to be proper, whereas a limited constitutional convention is restricted to revising only the areas of the current constitution named in the convention's call, the legal mandate establishing the convention. Examples of constitutional conventions include:United States: Annapolis Convention (1786), which proposed what became the Philadelphia Convention (1787) -- Drafted the United States Constitution for ratification by the states. Article V of the constitution sets forth a mechanism whereby future constitutional conventions can be held. The constitution has been amended several times since the Philadelphia Convention, but never (as of 2011) by this method.France: The National Convention of 1792 (commonly referred to as The Convention) convened during The French Revolution on September 20 with the purpose of writing a Republican Constitution following the suspension of the French Monarchy. The monarchy was officially abolished on September 21 by The Convention.Missouri Constitutional Convention (1861-63), established Missouri's provisional government during the American Civil WarCanada: (1864), Quebec Conference, 1864, and London Conference of 1866.Australian constitutional conventions -- 1891, 1897, 1973 and 1998.Germany: ParlamentRat (Parliamentary Council) (1948) -- Drafted the Basic Law of the Federal Republic for ratification by the londonNorthern Ireland Constitutional Convention (1975--1976) -- a failed attempt to find a solution to the status of Northern Ireland.Scottish Constitutional Convention (1989) -- produced a plan for Scottish devolution.European Convention (2001) -- Drafted the Constitution for Europe for approval by the European Council and ratification by the member states.Philippine Constitutional Convention 1935 -- to draft a constitution to create the autonomous Commonwealth of the Philippines under the U.S. Act. The constitution was also used in the 3rd Republic (1946) until the passage of the 1973 constitution. Members were elected through the Philippine Constitutional Convention election, 19341971 -- to draft a revised constitution to replace the old U.S. customed 1935 Philippine constitution. Members were elected through the Philippine Constitutional Convention election, 1970. The system of government changed from Presidentitial to Parliamentary to Presidentital-Parliamentary (in 1984 amendment). The constitution lasted until the downfall of Ferdinand Marcos in 1986 and Corazon Aquino appointed members to draft the 1987 Constitution through a Constitutional Commission.
There was no resolution from the Founding Fathers. Basically the convention was a committee meeting which issued, per the Articles of Confederation, a recommendation which was the Constitution. This recommendation was sent to Congress for its review and approval and ultimately to the states for their approvals.
lack of constitutional authority
12 states went to the Constitutional Convention (also known as the Federal Convention, the Philadelphia Convention, the First Constitutional Convention, and the Constitutional Convention of 1787). Rhode Island didn't send delegates because it opposed any revision of the Articles of Confederation and it did not believe the national government had the right to interfere in the affairs of a state.All the states expect Rhode Island were represented at the constitutional convention. Because it had been self governed for over 140 years. And the state was reluctant to give up power to a central government.
Amendments to the U.S. Constitution can be proposed by approval of two-thirds of each house of the U.S. Congress. They can also be proposed by a Constitutional Convention called by two-thirds of states legislatures.
he helped it through its first obstacle which was approval by congress.