The early lives of Lyndon B. Johnson and John F. Kennedy could not have been more different. Kennedy was born in privilege and wealth will many opportunities. Johnson was born relatively poor and worked at low paying jobs from a young age.
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Senator Eugene McCarthy did so well in the early primaries that Robert Kennedy jumped into the race and Johnson gave up.
John F. Kennedy, and then after his death Lyndon Johnson.
Lyndon Johnson
Absolutely. The administration, especially through Attorney General Robert Kennedy, lead the cause of civil rights in the early 1960s. The Civil Rights Act of 1964 was the natural culmination of these efforts, even though it was passed in the Johnson administration. Of course, Johnson had been Kennedy's VP, so he was familiar with the effort.
Yes, they can be challenged, but only for the nomination. A political party nominates only one candidate for president and all party members do their best to support the candidate of their party. ( A person can desert his party and run against his old party's candidate, as did Theodore Roosevelt in 1912. )