Today's government is made up of three branches-- the Legislative (Congress), Executive (President), and Judicial (Courts). Each of these branches holds different checks over the other branches.
There are actually several checks that each branch holds, but here are a few examples:
The President can veto a bill passed by Congress. This is a check that the Executive Branch holds over the Legislative.
The US Supreme Court can declare an act passed by Congress unconstitutional. This is an example of a check the Judicial Branch holds over the Legislative.
The President nominates federal judges for the Supreme Court and also for the other federal courts. Then, the Senate has to approve these nominees. This is actually an example of a couple of checks. The first is one that both the Executive and Legislative hold over the Judicial-- since they both have a say in who becomes a judge, they both check the judges in the US Supreme Court and in other federal courts. The second is one held by the Legislative over the Executive. This is that they must approve all nominees.
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Yes, the power to check other government branches is a non-legislative power
By dividing government into branches and sounding state and federal government.
The people check the people they elect.
The system of check and balances limit the government's power. No one branch can gain too much power, and everything has to go through all three branches in order to be apporved.
each branch is important because they all need each other