It can depend on what type of judge you are asking about. Most federal judges are appointed (essentially) for life unless they commit judicial malfeasance or commit a felony. State and county judges may be appointed as the constitutions of their state specify. Some occupy appointive positions, while other are elected by popular vote.
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That depends on the particular jurisdiction, the level and the court system. Some judges are appointed for life. Some need to run for office.
Higher level state court judges terms are decided by the constitution of the state and vary accordingly. Federal judges are appointed and their terms are for their lives.
2 years if regular term but for the higher level it is mostly common at 4-5 years dependent on your age
The term is 3 years, no exceptions.
Federal Circuit Court of Appeals judges are appointed for life and can only be removed via impeachment.
There are 12 judges total. (The title "Justice" is reserved for members of the Supreme Court.) There are 4 judges from each grand division of Tennessee. However, only three judges hear each case. The grand division in which each county is located will determine which set of judges hears a particular case. For instance, a case from Hamilton County will be heard in the Eastern Division Court of Appeals and three of the four judges from the Eastern Division will hear that appeal. Likewise, a case from Trousdale County will be heard by three of the four judges from the Middle Division.
In the U.S., it varies by state. Federal judges are not elected; they are appointed.
They aren't ever, the executive branch elects the federal judges for a term of good behavior. In otherwords the president appoints them, never elections.