$15 million, ( about $219 million equivalent) today was the price.
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The circumstances under which the Louisiana Territory was purchased was that Thomas Jefferson attempted to avoid war with France over the port of New Orleans by offering to buy New Orleans from France. France responded by asking if the United States wanted to buy all of the Louisiana Territory.
France was cash strapped and needed funds to continue their war in Europe. Napoleon saw that the defense of the French property in the New World would be a long term drain on finances of the Empire. The slave revolt in Haiti was costing already much more then the return on sugar sales. It was obvious that the United States needed guaranteed access to the Gulf of Mexico and could probably take Louisiana by force if it could not get it peaceably.
Texas gained much of the land controlled by Mexico. Texas became an independent republic. the United States got control of the Mexican Cession. the United States gave control of California to Mexico.
He pretty much established banking in the United States as we know it today. His concerns were primarily financial.
James Madison, Jr. (March 16, 1751 (O.S. March 5) - June 28, 1836) was an American statesman and political theorist, the fourth President of the United States(1809-1817). He is hailed as the "Father of the Constitution" for being instrumental in the drafting of the United States Constitution and as the key champion and author of the United States Bill of Rights.[2] He served as a politician much of his adult life