Nothing, as there is no longer a monarchy. It was Czar, a corruption of "Caesar".
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tzar czar zar it is all pronounced the same
The Russian Company or The Muscovy Trading Company.
In the Mughal Empire they governed the empire and led their armies in the name of the Emperor, and they were usually aristocrat's.
I am the emperor.
Pre-WW 1 Russia, Austria, Germany and Japan. Of these, the Russian bureaucracy was most directly answerable to the emperor himself. The oldest highly organized imperial bureaucracy originated in ancient China.