initiative
popularly elected conventions
C. proposal by two-thirds of Congress and ratification by three-fourths of State legislatures
The Federalists suggested that popularly elected conventions ratify the Constitution rather than having it done by state legislatures. The U.S. Constitution was ratified on June 21, 1788.
at least nine states out of the thirteen ratified the document.
initiative
It is a multiple step process to get a law passed through legislation and it takes a very long time. First the proposed law has to be drafted. Then the proposal has to be submitted to judicial authorities who will debate the feasibility of enacting the law. If they decided they would like to enact the law it is then passed to legislatures. The legislatures then have to debate the proposal. At this point if both the judicial and legislative authorities agree the proposal will become law.
The Constitution spells out four paths for an amendment:Proposal by convention of states, ratification by state conventions (never used)Proposal by convention of states, ratification by state legislatures (never used)Proposal by Congress, ratification by state conventions (used once)Proposal by Congress, ratification by state legislatures (used all other times)
electors
popularly elected conventions
C. proposal by two-thirds of Congress and ratification by three-fourths of State legislatures
A proposed legislation can be defeated by opponents when it is brought before the house for debate. When there is no unanimous agreement, there can be a vote out of which opponents can defeat the legislation if they outnumber the proponents.
David Wilmot, a Pennsylvania Congressman.
By the terms of the Act of Union 1841 the capital of the new province would be Kingston. English would be the official languages of the Assembly; the united colony would assume the debts of Upper Canada; the Assembly would consist of 84 members - 42 from Upper Canada and 42 from Lower Canada. This arrangement did not set well with Lower Canada as they did not have a debt.
The Federalists suggested that popularly elected conventions ratify the Constitution rather than having it done by state legislatures. The U.S. Constitution was ratified on June 21, 1788.
at least nine states out of the thirteen ratified the document.
There are essentially two ways spelled out in the Constitution for how to propose an amendment. One has never been used.1) The first method is for a bill to pass both houses of the legislature, by a two-thirds majority in each. Once the bill has passed both houses, it goes on to the states.2) The second method prescribed is for a Constitutional Convention to be called by two-thirds of the legislatures of the States, and for that Convention to propose one or more amendments. These amendments are then sent to the states to be approved by three-fourths of the legislatures or conventions.These two ways can be achieved via four paths. The Constitution spells out the four paths for an amendment:Proposal by convention of states, ratification by state conventions (never used)Proposal by convention of states, ratification by state legislatures (never used)Proposal by Congress, ratification by state conventions (used once)Proposal by Congress, ratification by state legislatures (used all other times)It is interesting to note that at no point does the President have a role in the formal amendment process (though he would be free to make his opinion known). He cannot veto an amendment proposal, nor a ratification. This point is clear in Article 5, and was reaffirmed by the Supreme Court in Hollingsworth v Virginia (3 US 378 [1798]):The negative of the President applies only to the ordinary cases of legislation: He has nothing to do with the proposition, or adoption, of amendments to the Constitution.