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Q: The prevailing form of Federalism after the ratification of the US Constitution until 1860 was federalism?
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How and why did the political consensus prevailing at the time of washingtons first inauguration fracture into a two-party system by 1796?

Washington had two strong personalities in his cabinet with differing views of how the government should develop from this point on Ð Secretary of the Treasury Alexander Hamilton and Secretary of State Thomas Jefferson. Hamilton, who had the support of Washington, took a loose view of the Constitution and envisioned a strong central federal government; hence, his faction was called the Federalists. Meanwhile, Jefferson was a strict constructionist. This meant he was not a fan of the federal government having powers that were not explicitly stated in the Constitution. His faction was called the Democratic-Republicans.


How would the declaration of independence and the US Constitution reflect enlightenment ideas about the government using the following terms checks and balances federal system and the bill of righ?

The Enlightenment (capital E) happened in Europe in the 1600s. People began to have different feelings about things, to think differently about a lot of things. As it had to do with government, the important new idea was that government belongs to the people, not vice versa. In all the time before that, people believed that the king basically owned the country. The king was picked by God, so to oppose the king was to oppose God. The king and his friends had the right to impose taxes, make laws, decide what was what, and the people's job was just to go along with this. But in the Enlightenment a new idea came about. The idea was that all men are born free. They give up a little of their freedom to create a government which provides social order. The government exists to serve the people, not vice versa, and when governments no longer serve peoples' needs, the people have a right and a DUTY to change those governments, or to get rid of them and create a new government. This is the idea expressed in the Declaration of Independence, starting with 'We hold these truths to be self-evident'. Thomas Jefferson was not telling King George something new, this was the prevailing view in England too! The Constitution says this too, but not so loudly. The preamble of the Constitution explains the six purposes of government--in order to form a more perfect union, establish justice, etc. etc. And it begins 'We the People of the United States', meaning that the Constitution was put in place not just by the delegates to the convention or the people who run the government but by ALL the people of the US, it belongs to us and we can change it or abolish it if we want, if it no longer serves our purpose. Government is US, it is an expression of the will of the people, not something imposed on the people by the government.


Who has the right to bear arms?

It's already been decided - 2nd amendment to the Constitution. Basically it says that, because we have to have the ability to arm a militia, "the right to keep and bear arms shall not be infringed." Some say that means we can only bear arms for a militia, but the prevailing attitude has always been that Americans have the right to bear arms, to keep them in their homes, in order to protect themselves. Not necessarily from outsiders, either. If the government of the United States ever became corrupt enough that they started using military or police to enforce their policies within our borders, citizens need to have the force they need to repel the coup. We'd be in quite a pickle if only the police and military had guns, and they tried to take over.


What fixed the panic of 1873?

Democrats were able to take over a majority in Congress thanks to the prevailing distrust of Americans toward the Republican Party, since Grant was a member of the Republican Party, and were able to enact regulations involving speculation that could prevent another financial panic. New oversight, rebuilding the railroad industry, and new investments in the economy eventually ended the financial depression of the 1870s.


What are delegate powers?

a power confirred to designated planning officers by locally elected councillors so that the officers may take desicions on specified planning. Some delegated powers include Ability to tax The ability to declare war grant copyrights and patents have an army and a navy regulate trade and coin moneyDelegated powers are defined as powers authorized to be practiced by subordinates in the name of a superior authority. That is the simple explanation. By laws, US Constitutional authorities can be delegated as institutional regulations to the individual states or to the national association of states overall. Such as the right to free speech has universally been considered to be effective nationally as well as in the states themselves under the federal provisions. In that way, states can make their own laws, but must never contradict the national laws or US Constitution. In political parties, the definition gets entirely muddy and without much legitimacy. It is basically a "power of the fittest" form of subordinated power. For instance, party "delegates" are supposed to represent the body of voters in their jurisdiction, but in reality it is a form of political machine politics. Delegates are not required to vote the way their electorate indicates is the prevailing sentiment! It is no accident that our USA has no form of direct vote wherein the public gives the actual approval or disapproval action to any political action. That is why our USA has an electoral college, to prevent the public from having a true Democracy! Yet, that is still considered to be a delegated form of Democracy!Somebody in charge can authorize another person to act as their representative; (e.g. a deputy or an agent.)The person so authorized is said to have delegated powers, - the authority to act is passed down to the representative but responsibility remains with the person in charge.

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What is the meaning of prevailing easterlies?

the prevailing is the


The name for the wind that blows constantly from the same direction?

It's prevailing Winds


What are features of federalism in India US- similiarities and differences?

India is a big country characterized by cultural, regional, linguistic and geographical diversities. Such a diverse and vast country cannot be administered and ruled from a single centre. Historically, though India was not a federal state, its various regions enjoyed adequate autonomy from central rule. Keeping in view these factors in mind, the Constitution makers of India opted for the federal form of government. Though, the Government of India Act,. 1935 envisaged a federal set-up for India; federal provisions of the Act were not enforced. Thus, India became a federal polity when the Constitution of India. Federalism as a form of government was, for the first time, put into practice in the United States way back in 1789. It was a result of the prevailing situation that time in the United States of America. Subsequently, it was followed in other countries of the world as a political choice. As the practice of federalism became prevalent in many parts of the world, its theoretical aspects were elaborated by scholars. J. W. Garner defines Federal Government as "contra distinguished from a Unitary government, a system in which the totality of government power is divided and distributed by the national Constitution or the organic law of Parliament creating it, between a central government and the governments of individual states or other territorial divisions which the federation is composed of." Another noted scholar K. C. Wheare defines it; as "the method of dividing powers so that the general and regional governments are each within a sphere coordinate and independent." On the, basis of the above definitions we can infer certain features of federalism, which are: (1) The most important feature of federalism is the division of powers between the central and state governments by the scheme of the Constitution itself. Both governments are independent and autonomous in their sphere of powers. (2) The division, of powers between the two postulates a written constitution. In federalism the Constitution is also rigid as the federal provisions of the Constitution cannot be changed without the consent of both the centre and the states. (3) Federalism also requires the provision for an independent federal judiciary as the division oi powers involves the possibility of disputes arising between the centre and the states or between the units of federation itself. Creation of Indian Federation Basically, there are two ways of creating a federal set-up. The first is on the basis of a federal alliance made by some independent federating units or sovereign states, which create the Central or Federal government and transfer certain powers of national importance to that government. The remaining powers are retained by the federating units. This division of powers based on the federal alliance becomes a part of the Constitution or the fundamental law of land. The federal Constitution cannot be altered without the consent of both the governments. The federating units have their separate constitutions to manage their internal affairs. Theoretically the federating units have the right to secede from the federation, but, in practice, it may not be possible to do so. The second way to create a federation is by establishing some provincial governments by dividing a single sovereign country and conferring certain powers to those provincial governments through the provisions of the Constitution. The remaining powers are retained by the Central or Union government. The Indian federation is created on this manner as the provincial governments or federating units in India did not enjoy a sovereign or independent status before becoming a part of the federation. Even the Indian Constitution makers deliberately used the word 'Union' in place of 'Federation'. Article-1 of the Constitution declares India to be a 'Union of States'. Dr. B. R. Ambedkar, the Chairman of Drafting Committee, explained in the Constituent Assembly (hat the use of the term 'Union' indicates two things. First, the Indian federation is not the result of an agreement by the units. Second, the component units have no freedom to secede from the federation. However merely the use of the term Union does not indicate any particular type of federation. In order to understand the nature of Indian federation, the federal provisions of the constitution have to be elaborated and analyzed. The Federal Features of Indian constitution-The Constitution of India displays the following federal features: • (a) The Constitution of India makes the provision for the organization of two types of governments-the Union Government and the State Governments. The governments at; both levels are organized on the basis of Parliamentary System as per the provisions of the Constitution. • (b) The Seventh Schedule of the Constitution makes provision for the division of powers between the Union and the States. It contains three lists : 1. The Union List which has 97 subjects of national importance and the Union Parliament has the power to enact laws with respect to these subjects; 2. The State List, which contains 66 subjects of local importance and the State Legislatures have the power to enact laws with respect to these subjects; 3. The Concurrent List, which contains 47 subjects and both the Parliament and State Legislatures can legislate on them. The idea of Concurrent List is inspired by the Constitution of Australia. • (2) As per the requirement of federal system, the Indian Constitution is a written document. It is a rigid Constitution as far as the amendment of federal provisions is concerned. Thus, the following provisions, affecting the interests of states, can be amended only if not less than half of the state legislatures have approved the same: X. Article 54 and 55 related to the manner of election of the President; 2. Articles 73 and 162 dealing with the extent of the executive power of the Union and States; 3. Article 124, Chapter IV of Part V and Chapter V to Part VI related to the Supreme Court and High Courts; 4. Chapter I of Part XI, dealing with the distribution of legislative powers between the Union and States; 5. Any of the Lists in the 7th Schedule; 6. Articles 80-81 and 4th Schedule related to the representation of States in Parliament; and 7. Article 368, related to the Amendment of the Constitution. In order to amend the above provisions the Constitution Amendment Bill has to be approved by not less than half of the state legislatures before it is presented to the President for his consent. • (a) The Indian Constitution makes provision for an independent and Federal judiciary. The Supreme Court of India acts as a federal court. It has the power to decide the disputes arising either between the Union and the States or between the two or more States under its Original Jurisdiction as mentioned in Article 131 of the Constitution. The Constitution makes various provisions to ensure the independence of judiciary from the Executive and the Legislature both. Unitary Features of Indian Federation- The unitary features of Indian federation are so striking that a noted scholar Ivor Jennings, has termed it as a 'federation with strong centralizing tendencies.' The unitary features of Indian federation are given: • The Indian federation is an example of 'Indestructible Union with Destructible states.' It means that the Union shall remain intact but the physical existence of states or units can be modified. Accordingly, Article 3 provides that the Parliament may by law form the new states by separating or uniting the territory of existing states, increase or diminish the area of any state, and alter the name and boundary of any state. On the other hand, the American federalism is characterized as 'Indestructible Union of Indestructible States'. • Unlike the American federation, the Indian Constitution provides for a single citizenship. It means that, in India, every person is a citizen of India and they are not entitled for citizenship of any state. The Union Parliament is empowered to enact laws with respect to all matters related to citizenship. • The Governor of a state, who is the executive head of the state, is appointed by the President and holds office during the pleasure of the President. It should be noted that the Governor is not a nominal head of state, but holds significant powers with respect to the affairs of the state. In fact, the Governor functions as the representative of the Union Government in the state and he/she is not responsible to any authority within the state. • The provision for single citizenship in India is also considered is the unitary feature of Indian Federalism. In India, every person is a citizen of India. • Unlike the US Federation, states in India do not have their separate Constitutions. India has a single Constitution, which makes pro vision with respect to both the Union and the States. Also, with the exception of some federal provisions, the states in India do not have any power with respect to the amendment of the Constitution, which is the sole prerogative of the Union Parliament. • Generally, in federalism, the states or units have equal representation in the second House of Parliament. But, in India, the states do not have equal representation in the Council of States. The representation of states depends on their population; the number of seats allocated to different states is mentioned in the Fourth Schedule of the Constitution. The state of Uttar Pradesh has 31 seats, whereas many states like Nagaland, Manipur, Tripura etc. have only one seat in the Council of States.


How do use prevailing in a sentence?

I was prevailing the pollution around me.


Which word almost means the same as prevailing?

prevailing


What is meant by constitutional supremacy?

constitutional supremacy is a doctrine where by the constitution is supreme and the government rule in acoordance with the cnstitution and at the same Tim e the power of government is limited by the constitution in order to escape a type of tyrant of government, and the rule of law is prevailing. Shortened the contitutional supremacy is where the courts have the final say and can strike down laws passed by the legislative houses.


Winds blowing in the same direction are referred to?

A wind that blows consistently from one direction is known as a prevailing wind. For example, over most of North America, the wind tends to blow from West to East, thus the prevailing Westerly.


What are the prevailing winds in China?

all prevailing winds blow the same direction.


What is kent's prevailing wind?

The prevailing wind in Kent, England is generally from the southwest. This wind direction is influenced by the nearby Atlantic Ocean and prevailing weather patterns.


How do you use prevailing winds in a sentence?

This means the normal direction of the wind. Here are some sentences.The prevailing winds are from the southwest.This gale is opposite of the prevailing winds.


What is Auckland new zealand's prevailing wind direction?

Throughout most of New Zealand, the prevailing wind is from the west.


How does a prevailing wind comes from effect the moisture of a prevailing wind?

it is a cold frunt that will make it do that