It divides the power into three branches so that limits any one branch from becoming too powerful. Much of the executive orders Trump is signing doesn't mean much because most of them have to go before congress. He can't put on a 20% tax on imports because congress has to pass that ( we better hope they don't pass it because we will pay the tax when we buy something not Mexico), he can't build the wall without congress, he just can't sign a paper and eliminate heath care. This is what Jefferson warned about ( Washington and Adams too) and made sure that no one branch became too powerful.
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Each of these branches has a distinct and essential role in the function of the government, and they were established in Articles 1 (legislative), 2 (executive) and 3 (judicial) of the U.S. Constitution.
The US Constitution established rules for the US government, well the Declaration of Independence did not
Federalists thought it was essential for the government to enforce taxes
There is 5 essential characteristics of federal constitution. 1. Division and distribution of powers. 2. Supremacy of constitution 3. A written constitution 4. Rigidity 5. Authority of courts