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The powers the presidency claims for itself in times of crisis fall under what are known as inherent powers. Other kinds of powers include expressed and implied.
The powers the U.S. government holds due to the fact that these powers have generally been held by national governments, are referred to as inherent powers. Other kinds of powers are expressed powers and implied powers.
According to the US Constitution, all powers not granted to the Federal government are left to the States to decide upon. This measure helped to prevent the central government from gaining too much power.
The United States of America has three (3) branches of government. These branches are the Executive, Legislative, and Judicial. The Executive Branch of the Government consists of the President, Vice President, and all the cabinet members. The Executive branch enforces laws. The Legislative Branch of the Government (commonly known as Congress) consists of members of the House of Representatives and the Senate. There are 435 Representatives and 100 Senators. Thus, altogether there are 535 members of Congress. The Legislative branch creates laws. The Judicial Branch of the Government is in charge of the court system. There are three different kinds/level of courts found in the federal court system. The lowest level is the district courts. The second level is the court of appeals. There are 94 U.S. district courts within 13 judicial districts, each with a court of appeals. The top level is the Supreme Court. The Judicial branch explains/interprets and applies laws.
The Supreme Court of the United States has federal jurisdiction. The Supreme court can also be used as an appeals court for state and local charges.