The Olmec were a society in the Veracruz and Tabasco area of Mexico between 1400 and 1200 BC. They carved the giant heads. They had a writing system. They did not build big cities.
The Zapotec were a society in the Oaxaca region of Mexico from 400 BC to 200 AD. Like the Olmec, they had human sacrifice. They had hieroglyphics.
The Mayans were around from 2000 BC to 250 AD. in the Yucatan peninsula of Mexico, Guatemala, Belize, and Honduras. They practiced human sacrifice and played games with rubber balls.
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They were both like mother cultures for civilizations that came after them.
The Olmecs are considered the "mother culture" of Mexico. They are the first known organized tribe in Mexico, and their major contributions to history were their ritual ballgame, and their gigantic stone heads, which are believed to represent leaders.
Ancient Mexican civilizations included the Olmec's, Zapotecs, Toltec's, Inca, Maya and Aztecs. All of the ancient Mexican cultures are believed to be descended from people who crossed the Bering Strait.
The principle is self-determination.
By the early 1200s BC the Olmec were living along coastal rivers in villages of small houses made of reeds and straw. People fished in the rivers and farmed land made fertile by river flooding.