The President, or the "Executive Branch", as its called, proposes laws - which Congress (the "Legislative Branch") then can either act on or ignore. Its the Supreme Court (the "Judicial Branch") that acts to 'check' the powers of Congress, by the ability to overturn laws that are unconstitutional. The President nominates Supreme Court justices, who then have to be approved by the Senate, so its a big circular power exchange.... The Executive Branch has a number of ways to control the powers of Congress. There is the Presidential veto. There is the appointment of judges and other Federal officers.
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Congress can override presidential vetoes by a 2/3 vote and so pass legislation against the president's wishes. The Senate must approve the president's nominations for federal judges , cabinet and other high-ranking positions. Congress also controls the money- the president can send troops somewhere, but only Congress can give him the money to keep them there for any length of time.
Congress also has the power to remove the President from office if he fails to do his job.
The President can veto bills passed by Congress and appoints the judges in the Supreme Court
vetoing bills
The main power the Executive Branch (the President) has to check Congress is the veto. This forces Congress to go back and evaluate the proposal and get more support for it.
Congress
Power of the purse: congress can limit funding on things like war the president supportsAppointment confirmation: congress has to agree on the appointment of officials by the president.Congress can remove a president that is not doing his/her job.
The president can use executive orders to enact policies congress refuses to pass as laws