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Is the non delegation doctrine rooted in federalism policies?
Techinically, no. Federalism deals with the vertical structuring of power within the US government. Non-delegation doctrine is rooted in the Separation of Powers (5th grade civics on checks & balances). Separation of Powers and Federalism issues are often confused because Sep of Powers deals with horizontal separation of powers (i.e., what authority the legislature has that the executive or judicial do not) where Federalism deals with the vertical separation of powers (i.e., whether the Fed has the constitutional authority over a matter or if it is something that is purely a state issue). The non-delegation doctrine basically holds that the executive branch cannot perform legislative functions but there's a lot of grey area there... if you look at the Treasury Dept or the SEC (securities and exchange commission), for example, they both perform quasi-legislative functions but are part of the executive branch. The basic reason why these two executive agencies (and many more!) do not violate the non-delegation doctrine is due to the degree of oversight that Congress has over them and the role Congress plays in appointments and removals of key personnel within these organizations. I hope that answers your question.
What are powers the US government holds because these powers have generally been held by national governments often called?
The powers the U.S. government holds due to the fact that these powers have generally been held by national governments, are referred to as inherent powers. Other kinds of powers are expressed powers and implied powers.
Presidential power has grown due primarily to the fact that their powers outlined in Article 2 of the US Constitution are?
broad and vague
What is it called when a judge removes themselves from a case?
Recuse... judge is asked to step down due to conflict or other reasons.
The power to interpret laws determine their meaning and settle disputes within a society is known as?
The powers of the judiciary regard the art of jurisprudence. These powers and authorities include establishing due process towards criminal justice, interpreting legal questions and resolving civil disputes/cases.
