It means to withstand a legal challenge on Constitutional grounds. An unconstitutional law is one that will not "pass Constitutional muster," and would be overturned by the SCOTUS if challenged.
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A constitutional mandate can mean a few different things. A constitutional mandate is usually something that must be upheld due to it's stating so in the constitution.
The first 11. George Washington was President between 1789-1797. The first ten (10) Constitutional Amendments were enacted in December of 1791. The eleventh (11) Constitutional Amendment was enacted in February of 1795.
constitutional convention, constitutional commission, constitutional assembly
The Executive Branch does not have the constitutional power to pass "law." However certain portions of the Executive Branch can issue Executive Orders, which can have the force of law.