the supreme court can declare laws unconstitutional
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If congress passes a law that is unconstitutional they can review the law and strike it down, change it, or not listen to it.
Courts can judge legislative acts to be unconstitutional. This means that the Supreme Court can say that a law that the Senate has passed is unconstitutional.
No one directly appoints Supreme Court Justices. The president nominates candidates, and the senate accepts or rejects the nominees. So the president indirectly appoints justices, pending senate approval.
declare a law unconstitutional
Supreme Court interprets the law according to the constitution so they can stop, repeal, or support a law.
A "vacancy" on the Supreme Court means one or more of the nine US Supreme Court justices has left office permanently (usually through death, retirement or resignation), and the President needs to nominate a new person or people, with the advice and consent of the Senate, to fill the vacant seat(s).