Excessive bail shall not be required, nor excessive fines imposed, nor cruel and unusual punishments inflicted.
8th amendment that's pretty much it.
www.cbaa.com has some good info on the history of bail, here's a direct link to the PDF.
http://www.cbaa.com/images/history.pdf
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The constitution protects against arbitrary arrest and imprisonment that was suspended by Lincoln
The constitution prevents excessive bail, however certain crimes are excluded from having bail. Certain murder charges and domestic violence as well as the courts determination of a defendants likelihood to flee will be sufficient to issue a NO BAIL. Numerous other charges carry a no bail as well. Just remember, the more heinous the crime the more chance it will carry a no bail set by the judge.
The eighth amendment to the United States Constitution prohibits excessive bail.
Vermont's constitution of 1777
The Madisonian requirement is that each branch of government acquire the consent of the others for many of its actions creaed a system of checks and balances.