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One type of poll is an opinion poll. Another is a push poll which isn't really a poll; its a way for people to give information about a candidate disguised as a poll.
The poll tax was used as a way to prevent poor blacks and whites from voting.
poll taxes
To give insight on the likely outcome. Also to help determine the public opinion.
Mainly as a way of preventing poor people- especially newly freed blacks in the South after the Civil War- from voting. If you're poor and have little/no money, you're not going to want to spend that money to pay a special tax just to be able to vote.