In general terms, the impact of federal judges occupying their offices for life-terms is two-fold. First, such long-term work on the part of judges ensures consistency (along with accountability) in national judicial policy and decision-making. Second, it helps to ensure that any significant changes in the form or powers of government more largely will occur only slowly, over a long period of time, and through seasoned deliberation, rather than (as, for example, the American Founders feared and worked to avoid) suddenly and irrationally.
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It can depend on what type of judge you are asking about. Most federal judges are appointed (essentially) for life unless they commit judicial malfeasance or commit a felony. State and county judges may be appointed as the constitutions of their state specify. Some occupy appointive positions, while other are elected by popular vote.
poooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooopThe Judicial branch of government approves appointment of judges.
Oh, dude, federal judges are appointed instead of being elected because the Founding Fathers were like, "Let's have some experts in law and stuff, not just the popular kids." It's all about that separation of powers and making sure judges aren't swayed by public opinion like a politician trying to win a popularity contest. So yeah, appointed judges bring that extra level of professionalism to the courtroom, you know?
It could be. The lowest level of Article III courts in the U.S. is called United States District Court, and the judges are typically referred to as United States District Court Judges. However, many states also call some level of their courts district courts as well, and those judges would commonly be referred to as district judges as well.
In terms of American Federalism, the process of enfranchising African Americans placed the responsibility for guaranteeing voting rights with the federal government rather than state governments.