I'm thinking the most famous is Windsor castle, if only because it is a Royal residence.
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York castle has been attacked. One of the most famous times in which it has been attacked is the Siege of York in which the Scottish Covenanter Army and the Parliamentarian Armies of the Northern Association and Eastern Association fought the Royalist Army.
Wales' oldest lived in castle is Penhow Castle. Built by Sir William St Maur in the early 13th century source Trivia http://www.castles-of-britain.com/castle85.htm possibly whittington castle (actually now in shropshire, england) is amongst the oldest castles (approx 2 miles east of oswestry). it pre-dates 1221, which a number of castles seem to refer to this same year for stone build. though a 'castle' as been at this site since the early 9th century.
Amy Johnson is famous because she is the first woman to fly from England to Australia,
Nottingham was famous because robin hood lived there and robin hood is a legend. (legends are storeys that people have made up during years and nowone knows if they are true or not)
The answer to the question is none. Being on the South Coast of England and having closest proximity to France-its role was one of defense.It was therefore the object of attack by invaders. A king of England would reside in London .