Wales' oldest lived in castle is Penhow Castle. Built by Sir William St Maur in the early 13th century
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http://www.castles-of-britain.com/castle85.htm possibly whittington castle (actually now in shropshire, england) is amongst the oldest castles (approx 2 miles east of oswestry). it pre-dates 1221, which a number of castles seem to refer to this same year for stone build. though a 'castle' as been at this site since the early 9th century.
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The main tower of a castle was called the keep. It was the inner stronghold of the castle and often served as the residence of the lord. It was typically the last refuge during battle and defending the castle.
Nottingham Castle was built on "Castle Rock" in 1067 on the orders of William the Conqueror. The castle was subsequently remodeled in 1678 by William Cavendish, then the Duke of Newcastle.
Kenilworth castle was biult in 1122ad by Geoffrey de Clinton. I'm doing a project on Kenilworth Castle.
Richard Lugar is the oldest Republican Senator.
The height varies considerably from one castle to another