Yes, the President has the power to call Congress back into session after they have voted to adjourn in order to consider some pressing matter. He can also call just the Senate back to consider a treaty of appointment he makes. This power is granted under Article II, Section 3, clause 2. The constitution says that the president can convene congress under extraordinary circumstances for as long as he sees fit.
Special sessions were called fairly often before the Senate and House began meeting for most of the year, but has only occurred four times since the 20th Amendment was ratified. The 20th Amendment calls for the first session of Congress to begin on January 3 each year.
In recent years, the Senate and House have been authorized to call their own special sessions after Congress adjourns.
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There are several reasons that a president may call for a special session after Congress has adjourned. These reasons can be for the purpose of settling a dispute between the two houses, to ratify treaties, or for consent for appointments.
The president ask congress to hold a special session when the two houses cannot agree on a date to adjourn or in an emergency situation.
When the president rejects a bill by leaving it on his desk until after Congress has ended session, it is called a pocket veto.
The ordinance power gives the president the temporary right to make laws when necessary. This is an event that occurs generally when congress is not in session.
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