All US Courts, both federal and state, are required to uphold decisions (called binding precedents) of the US Supreme Court under the doctrine of judicial precedent or stare decisis (Latin: let the decision stand) if a question of law has already been settled (res judicata). US Supreme Court decisions are supposed to carry the rule of law, but lower courts sometimes interpret or decide cases in ways that contradict established precedent.
Each case is unique, so each court that hears a particular matter may have a different interpretation as to which precedents are controlling and why. If the case is appealed to the US Supreme Court, and the Court grants cert (agrees to review the case under its appellate jurisdiction) and the Supreme Court agrees with the lower court ruling, a new precedent may be set. Otherwise, the Supreme Court may reverse the decision to bring it into compliance with established precedent.
The reasoning behind the doctrine of stare decisis is ensuring a fair and consistent application of law to protect Constitutional rights.
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state supreme courts
The supreme court is the court of last resort in the federal legal system and federal courts can overrule state courts. The Supreme Courts also settles disputes between states,such as the location of state borders .
There are hundreds of inferior courts that exist in the United States. These courts are in place to serve under the supreme court.
The Supreme Court of the United States was created in 1789. Most of the cases the court hears come from lower courts. Each year, the Supreme Court receives 7,000 or more requests to hear cases from lower courts.
There are several levels of courts. In the federal circuit is starts from district courts up to the Supreme Court of the United States. There are also several special interest courts like immigration courts and bankruptcy courts.