President Wilson, a Democrat, was engaged in a power struggle with a Republican controlled Senate. The conflict centered around a balance of power issue -- Wilson had negotiated the treaty without the customary presence of senators, and he neglected to discuss and negotiate the terms of the treaty with the Senate Foreign Relations committee before making it public. By cutting the senators out of the treaty making process, Wilson was attempting to do an end run around the Senate's authority over treaties and this angered many senators. The Republicans also had major substantive and ideological issues with the proposed treaty. Some of these issues arose out the bitter, personal rivalry between the head of the Foreign Relations Committee, Henry Cabot Lodge and Wilson. These men had opposing views of international relations with Lodge being a realist and Wilson an idealist. Lodge and other Republican Senators believed the treaty should call for the unconditional surrender of Germany and it did not, they felt that many provisions as written were unenforceable, and they opposed the treaty provisions which authorized US participation in Wilson's pet project, the League of Nations. In particular, Lodge felt participation in the League would compromise US sovereignty by requiring the US to enter into international conflicts when it was not in the national interest of the US to do so. Lodge's committee sent the treaty to the floor of the Senate for a vote with 14 amendments, but recommended against its passage. On November 19, 1919, for the first time in US history, the Senate rejected a peace treaty.
At the beginning of the 20th century, the United States prided itself on neutrality. However, we were forced into World War I. The aftermath was the "Treaty of Versailles" in which President Woodrow Wilson played a major part in 1919. One point was to create "The League of Nations" (the forerunner o the United Nations). The Congress rejected the treaty entirely as they wanted to return to neutrality. Chairman of the Foreign Relations Committee, Henry Cabot Lodge, lead the fight to reject it as it would undermine U.S. sovereignty and force the nation into unwanted obligations. Article 10 of the League of Nations covenant was of special concern to Lodge for suggesting the United States would go to war in support of the territorial integrity of any member state of the League of Nations.
Henry Cabot Lodge
The first cotton mill was the Beverly Cotton Manufactory, started being built in 1785, completed construction in 1787, and was built by the Proprietors of the Beverly Cotton Manufactory (corporation), who included John Cabot, George Cabot, Deborah Cabot, Andrew Cabot, Moses Brown, Joshua Fisher, Israel Thorndike, Henry Higginson, and Isaac Chapman.
henry cabot lodge
American economic control of world markets
American economic control of world markets
American economic control of world markets
Americans produce in foreign markets
American economy
American economy
American economic control of world markets
American economic control of world markets
Americans produce in foreign markets
Henry Cabot Lodge.
pretty sure it was Henry Cabot Lodge
American Economic Control of World Market